Historically, nutmeg was believed to be imported to Europe by Arab traders during the 12th century, where grated nutmeg was used as a sachet, and the Romans used it as incense. Myristica fragrans Houtt., (Myristicaceae), a plant species indigenous to Indonesia, is widely distributed in the humid tropical and coastal regions, and is known as “nutmeg”, for being used in the production of the spices nutmeg and mace. These results may be utilized by industries using nutmeg EO. In general, nutmeg seed oil yields increased with an increase of DT. Nutmeg EO showed some antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6, but did not exhibit significant antifungal activity. The concentrations (%) of α-phellandrene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, β-pinene, and myrcene decreased, while the concentrations (%) of α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and myristicin increased in later DT fractions. ANOVA and advanced regression modeling revealed that the produced EO fractions possess substantial variation in the concentration of potentially desired compounds. In addition, a control EO was collected from a straight 0–240 min non-stop distillation. The intent of this study was to utilize distillation timeframes (DT) of nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans) essential oil (EO) to generate fractions with differential chemical compositions and bioactivity.
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